buy custom Assessment of the Role of Silence in Business Interactions essay

buy custom Assessment of the Role of Silence in Business Interactions essay Silence influences either negatively or positively in the field of communication. It can make or break relationships, create discomforts and tensions, or lead to peace and calm. Silence can denote either yes or no. The apparent silence is not really a void it is a powerful means of communication; you are sending out a message to the other one through your clothes, facial expression changes, and even the way one is sitting this all indicate boredom, interest, animosity, or indifference. Even without making any efforts, the volumes of information pass to and fro through silence. Silence is the opposite of talking. But it is not negative it is not omitting out anything in communication. Silence does not become a barrier to communicating (Panko, R 2009). Silence is a vibrant tool for the communication in business. Business is basically a deal involving money and goods transactions that will ultimately benefit both parties as well as the community. With both parties trying to squeeze out the maximum tempers might easily get frayed. But a good businessman knows that growling is received from nowhere. Here silence is invaluable as it leaves the issue pending and unanswered, and yet a message is conveyed being more powerful than blunt words (Applbaum 2004). Communication may be either verbal or non-verbal. Under the latter, facial expressions, postures, gestures and voice tone are included. These are the important tools in business interactions. A small businessperson can use it for getting across a message or to interpret a message that has been received. Sometimes, however, the non-verbal communication contradicts with the verbal one in a sense that silence is more evocative and truer than the string of words. A study provided by Herta A. Murphy together with Herbert W. Hilderbrandt has noted this in Effective Business Communication. In fact, from 60% to 90% of the gist of content can be conveyed through the silent clues. Hence, the importance of silence in business communication should not be overlooked but given due its importance (Andrad 2004; Mitchell 2004; Stafford 2004). In the non-verbal communication, three elements are present the appearance, the body language, and sounds (not words). As with the oral communication, in the non-verbal interaction the appearance has an impact on the dress code, make up, grooming, hairstyle, etc.; this could play its part in drawing the attention of the listener. The dcor of the room too will have a telling effect on those people listening (Barr 2000). The body language, in particular facial expressions, can convey direct messages that the verbal part of communication will not be able to give. The expressions flitting across the face show up the hidden emotions that could be in contradiction with the spoken words. Gesturing and posturing as well are the important conveyers of messages; they are being more evocative than words. For example, a manager speaking with his feet on the table could indicate confidence and determination, while an employee leaning forward on the table to listen could mean that he or she is interested. However, the continuous use of gestures and postures could be distracting and disturbing while betraying nervousness (Berkovitch 2006; Narayanan 2006). Thirdly, the non-verbalsounds play an important part in interaction: the tone, the rate, and the volume of voice and even laughter clearing of ones throat or humming can be communicative by its nature. The effect of scent and physical contact like the pressure during a handshake can speak volumes silently. The total silence can convey a gap in understanding and even some harsh feelings, while discussing face-to-face (Chamberlain, K 2009). People rarely think that failing to act is a kind of communication. The non-verbal communication, unlike the verbal one, is not organized. Currently, the studies are being carried on the information dispatched through the non-verbal means. Communication means the transferring of information from one person to another one. The majority spends nearly three fourths of their waking time communicating their thoughts, knowledge and view points to others. Many fail to note that the bulk of this transfer is through some non-verbal means and not through writing or talking (Benton 1994). The silent way of communicating is through an eye contact, the voice tone modulation, posturing, etc. It also refers to the clothes one chooses to wear or the silence that is intentionally kept. The non-verbal cues, while interacting, are given more importance than the verbal ones. For instance, a person might wish you to be well but the expression in his eyes does not say so; his clenched fists belie his animosity although words may be honey coated (Chamberlain, K 2009). Silence is often beneficial while interacting in business circles and at workplaces. Attention is drawn invariably to the silent person during his speeches. Silence can control anger; and this is vital in the business world where emotions have to be tempered while handling deals and difficult situations. Silence represents a passive dissent although no direct challenge is thrown (Chamberlain, K 2009). Silence can be used not to greet an unwelcome intruder without being explicit. By being silent the astute businessman can avoid a topic without commitment. Silence can cut a short irrelevant chatter that wastes the time. Silence can indicate that the subject is a taboo. To be a top grade leader of the team, the manager has to successfully interact with other members. Silence is one such methods of communication (Foss, NJ 2005). Distance is a factor. The gap between one person and the other one signifies either attraction or a status depending on the milieu or the cultural background. Orientation is another factor. It means how the one is presented frontal, sideways or sometimes showing a rear portion implying volumes. For instance, cooperators sit side by side while competitors sit facing each other. Posture is another point to note. One may slouch, while the other one may be sitting or standing erect. The crossing of legs and arms akimbo also convey emotions. This communication sends the message of formality or relaxation during the exchange of communications (Mason, M 1999). Physical contact is vital. The shaking of hands, the pat on the shoulders, the embrace, the pushing back all are laced with the inner language. It conveys either an intimate feeling or a sense of rejection. Then, there are the all powerful facial expressions, the smile, the frown, the raised eyebrow, the yawn and the sneer. Duuring the interaction, the facial expressions keep continually changing, and the recipient constantly notes it. Across global cultures, the facial expressions more or less convey the same type of meaning. The movement of hands conveys its meaning as well (Berkovitch 2006; Narayanan 2006). Some of the meanings are specific to certain cultures, while others like the clenched fist have a universal connotation. The importance of eye contact cannot be over emphasized. The eyes are the windows of the soul. They convey interest, indifference, boredom, hatred, or warmth (Andrad 2004; Mitchell 2004; Stafford 2004). Kinesis or body language is one of the best ways to gauge the managerial potential of the executive. It is more important to note what he is doing rather than listening to what he is saying. This is an analysis of movement. If one extends a hand straightly during the interview, or if one leans forward, then the person can be a good operator for any organization that requires the injection of energy to bring about a radical change (Galbraith 2000). While shaking ones hands if one stands up straightly then the person is good at selling whether himself or the company in which he is employed. If, while talking, the person occupies extra space with moving around the arms, then he is both good as an informer and listener. Such an individual will be ideal for an organization that needs a change in the direction it is leading (Panko, R 2009). Many are now learning to rehearse these movements to make an impression but when there is the disharmony between the facial expression and the limb movement the cat gets out of the bag and the trick is exposed. Spacing is an important factor. Those higher up in the ladder will keep a bigger gap and will keep to the improved protection of the territory; they will not have any difficulty in invading the territories of those lower ones in the rung of the ladder (Mason, M 1999). Silence can be communicated through the environment tables, chairs, desks, bookshelves, and the like drawing into its ambit the design of the office. Some cut up the office into impersonal and personal areas. This betters the purpose for which the particular space is utilized. The size of the desk, for instance, indicates the status and the position of any user. The window numbers, the carpet quality and the wall paintings all silently convey a message. Another factor is how long the one is being silent. How much time do you need to allow your staff to speak; how long will you keep them waiting, and do you stick to the time-schedule? In a healthy business atmosphere, there is a balance among all these elements (Foss, NJ 2005). In conclusion, it should be noted that many find silence as oppressive and rush in with uncalled for the words to fill such kind of void. Thus, it is better to say nothing if you have nothing to say rather than rattling like an empty vessel. But it is the silence of Socrates when he said he did not know anything that cost him his life. Thus, we see that silence is not a vacuum but pregnant and poignant with its meaning much more than the empty vessels making a lot of noise. The executives in the corporate sector are now becoming more and more aware of the significance of silence through the non-verbal communication. They are engaging professionals into the field to do the analysis. Buy custom Assessment of the Role of Silence in Business Interactions essay

Bloody Sunday 1972

Bloody Sunday 1972 On the afternoon of Sunday the 30th of January 1972 soldiers from the British Parachute Regiment, one of the fearsome UK militia units fighting the battle in the north of Ireland, attacked a civil rights march in the town of Derry, killing or fatally wounding fourteen civilians and injuring two dozen more in an event the international press quickly to be known as â€Å"Bloody Sunday Massacre†. That same group of soldiers had carried out similar murder spree just months earlier in Belfast, shooting dead eleven people in cold blood, including a local catholic priest, in a two day reign of terror known as the â€Å"Ballymurphy Massacre† of August 1971. Praised by their officers and British politicians for their work in the previous massacre much the same was expected of them in the western Town of Derry and sure enough they delivered on those expectations. However as in Belfast, the war crimes of the Parachute Regiment simply served to increase local support for armed resi stance to Britain’s continued presence in particular for the still Provisional Irish Republican Army,[I.R.A] contributing to making a temporary conflict all but permanent. Bloody Sunday was one of the most Brutal events of the Troubles because a large number of catholic citizens were killed, by forces of the British army, in full view of the public and the press. It was the highest number of people killed in a single shooting during the troubles in Northern Ireland. Bloody Sunday increased Catholic and republican nationalist hostility towards the British Army and increased the conflict. Support for the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) rose and there was a surge of recruitment into the organisation, especially in Derry and Belfast. At 4:07pm, the soldiers were ordered to go through the barriers and arrest the republican protesters. The soldiers, on foot and in armoured vehicles, chased people down Rossville Street and into the Bogside. Two people were hit by the armoured British vehicles. Brigadier MacLellan had ordered that only one set of soldiers be sent through the barriers, on foot, and that they should not chase people down Rossville Street. Colonel Wilford disobeyed this order, which meant there was no separation between republican rioters and marchers. The soldiers disembarked and began arresting people. There were many claims of soldiers beating people, hitting them with rifle butts, firing rubber bullets at them from close range, making threats to kill, and shouting abuse. The Saville Report agreed that soldiers used excessive force when arresting people as well as seriously assaulting them for no good reason while in their custody. A large group of people were chased into the car park of Rossville Flats. This area was like a courtyard, surrounded on three sides by high-rise flats. The soldiers opened fire, killing one civilian and wounding six others. This fatality, Jackie Duddy, was running alongside a priest, Father Edward Daly, when he was shot in the back. Some of those shot were given first aid by civilian volunteers, either on the scene or after being carried into nearby homes. They were then driven to the hospital, either in civilian cars or in ambulances. The first ambulances arrived at 4:28pm. The three boys killed at the rubble barricade were driven to hospital by the British soldiers. Witnesses said paratroopers lifted the bodies by the hands and feet and dumped them in the back of their armoured vehicles, as if they were pieces of meat. The Saville Report agreed that this is an accurate description of what happened. It says the paratroopers might well have felt themselves at risk, but in our view this does not excuse them. In all, 26 people were shot by the British soldiers; 13 died on the day and another died four months later. Most of them were killed in four main areas: the rubble across Rossville Street, the car park of Rossville Flats (on the north side of the flats), the courtyard car park of Glenfada Park, and the forecourt of Rossville Flats (on the south side of the flats). All of the soldiers responsible insisted that they had shot at, and hit, gunmen or bomb-throwers. The Saville Report insisted that all of those shot were unarmed and that none were posing a serious threat. It also concluded that none of the soldiers fired in response to attacks, or threatened attacks, by gunmen or bomb-throwers. Thirteen people were shot and killed, with another man later dying of his wounds. The official army position, backed by the British Home Secretary the next day in the House of Commons, was that the soldiers had reacted to gun and nail bomb attacks from suspected IRA members. Apart from the soldiers, all eyewitnesses including marchers, local residents, and British and Irish journalists present maintain that soldiers fired into an unarmed crowd, or were aiming at fleeing people and those tending the wounded, whereas the soldiers themselves were not fired upon. No British soldier was wounded by gunfire or reported any injuries, nor were any bullets or nail bombs recovered to back up their claims. Although there were many IRA men both Official and Provisional at the protest, it is claimed they were all unarmed, apparently because it was anticipated that the British soldiers would attempt to draw them out. March organiser and MP Ivan Cooper had been promised beforehand that no armed IRA men would be near the march. One soldier who gave evidence at the tribunal testified that they were told by an officer to expect a gunfight and We want some kills. In the event, one man was witnessed by Father Edward Daly and others haphazardly firing a revolver in the direction of the paratroopers. Later identified as a member of the Official IRA, this man was also photographed in the act of drawing his weapon, but was apparently not seen or targeted by the soldiers. Various other claims have been made to the Saville Inquiry about gunmen on the day. This Sunday became known as Bloody Sunday and bloody it was. It was quite unnecessary. It strikes me that the Army ran amok that day and shot without thinking what they were doing. They were shooting innocent people. These people may have been taking part in a march that was banned but that does not justify the troops coming in and firing live rounds indiscriminately. I would say without hesitation that it was sheer, unadulterated murder. It was murder.

Research Methods and Data Analysis Choosing the right method - Essay

Research Methods and Data Analysis Choosing the right method - qualitative methodologies - Essay Example Furthermore, the methodology is appropriate given that coping is dynamic, private, and contextual. The resurgence of qualitative studies in the social sciences goes with a tendency among qualitative researchers to depict qualitative inquiry as moral compared with quantitative research (willig, 2008). There are many methods of fact gathering in qualitative methodology. In sports, using diaries is an excellent method because they generate the rich set of data for subsequent content, and interpretive analysis. Diaries as a study method are acceptable and useable alongside qualitative interviews. Researchers’ processes of social life have made use of private diaries. Qualitative methodologies are subject to extensive use in sports because the existing quantitative methods have many limitations, and hence there may be many predecessor, mediating, and outcome variables to consider using the traditional quantitative system research. Thus, qualitative methods are preferable in a wide variety of research questions, including handling performance connected stressors, gender dissimilarities with interpersonal stress in teenage athletes, athletes’ injury, sports retirement, social physique anxiety, and muscularity problems (Hagger & Chatzisarantis,

History - american revolutionary period 1763-1815 Essay

History - american revolutionary period 1763-1815 - Essay Example large states and other such inequitable situations by using the idea of population as a representative measure while keeping a level of parity between states. The compromise reached at the convention is called the Connecticut Compromise and the Great Compromise under which two houses of government were created for the American people (Wikipedia, 2007). This was essentially an amalgamation of the Virginia Plan which focused on majority populations being more important than equality and the New Jersey Plan which called for equal representation regardless of population size. In the compromise, the House of Representatives would have population levels based representation while the upper house of the Senate would have two representatives from each state. The ‘issue’ of slave populations affecting the representative strengths of a given member state was settled by a three-fifths compromise under which each slave was counted as 3/5th of a human being (Brinkley et. al., 2006). Essentially, it seems that the compromise was one for the sake of expediency since it gave equal representation to all states in the upper house without disregarding the population structures in the lower house. I disagree with the first part of the statement but I am in complete agreement with the second part. I feel that Washington played a very important role in the war for America and it is difficult to imagine other generals of his caliber taking his place when a man like him was needed on the ground. Without leadership, the rag tag army of farmers and merchants could have hardly hoped to defeat the might of the British Empire which was more or less at its zenith during the American Revolution (Sparks, 2006). The revolution could not have been won without a man like Washington leading the armies and conducting the war effort. On the other hand, to say that it was Washington who actually created the United States as a true nation is not an

Kurt Donald Cobain Essay -- Nirvana Music Musical Essays Biography

Kurt Donald Cobain The subject of this writing, is on a man who changed music; a man on the level of Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison. This individual is Kurt Donald Cobain from the revolutionary grunge/rock band, Nirvana. While some people would never consider Cobain to hold a major role in the shaping of our music and culture today, they haven’t taken the time to look around. Many people overlook the fact that music played a huge role in the lives of Americans during the 90’s. Someday history books will probably even make note of the influence this rocker had on the decade. Kurt Cobain was born February 20, 1967 in a small town near Seattle, Washington. His family soon-after moved to Aberdeen, Washington. This period of his life was a difficult one because his parents divorced and he didn’t have much ambition to do much more than hanging out with his friends. Struggles with his parents caused him to move back and forth between them and to eventually move in with relatives. (The Cobain Memorial) The location didn’t aid the struggling teen’s life as Kurt said, â€Å"Aberdeen was nothing but rednecks and guns and booze.† He eventually found jobs as janitor and a YMCA lifeguard, but that was not quite the improvement a troubled teen needed. Kurt also struggled with fitting in during his school years. He spent much of his time hanging out with girls because he couldn’t deal with the generally macho attitudes of the guys in his school. He said, â€Å"I'm a heterosexual . . . big deal. But if I was a homosexual, it wouldn't matter either.† He ended up dropping out of high school shortly before graduation. (Kurt Cobain World) It was around this period of time that the professional career of Kurt began to ... ...X -Serial Joe -Muse -The Moto-Litas -Bush -Eleven -Therapy? -Crash Rickshaw -The Flys -Chopper One -Travis -Super Deluxe -Placebo -Rancid -Weezer -Sevendust -Rip Dizzy -The Vines -Moist -Everclear -Oleander -Taking Back Sunday -Deviates -Melon Diesel -Radiohead That list shows the power Nirvana and Kurt Cobain had on the art of music. (CD-Now) Works Cited Simpson, Travis. â€Å"Kurt Cobain Page† Last accessed September 8, 2002. http://ulfansiteforyou.bizhosting.com/forkurt.html Anderson, Andre. â€Å"The Cobain Memorial† Last accessed September 8, 2002 http://www.cobain.com Bà ¡ez, Xavier. â€Å"Kurt Cobain’s Biography and Nirvana History† Last accessed September 8, 2002. http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Venue/6582/Nirvana/kurt-biography.html "Nirvana: Related Artists" Last accessed September 8, 2002. http://www.cdnow.com

Finding Fish Themes

Theme Essay Abandonment Antwone demonstrates difficulty forming relationships to abandonment issues he developed as a child. Antwone’s father left him after being shot by an ex-girlfriend. His mother was incarcerated most of his childhood and did not take him back after being released. His best friend Jesse was killed in front of him after a botched robbery. Antwone states his feelings that Jesse is the lucky one for being dead and not having to fight anymore. Abuse Mrs. Tate, Antwone Fisher’s foster mother, verbally humiliates Antwone calling him and his brothers â€Å"nigga† instead of their actual names.Antwone and his brothers buy into Tate's view of their low self worth to the point they can tell who she is talking to by the way she says â€Å"nigguh†. Besides the verbal abuse, Tate regularly beats Antwone and locks him in dark rooms for hours on end. When Antwone finally demonstrated resistance to Tate’s beatings she used what Antwone calls â €Å"other ways† by playing upon Antwone’s pyrophobia (fear of fire). Tate’s cruelty is further exposed when she refuses to let Antwone go out and accuses him of stealing money (which he intended to use to go out to a concert). Similar article: The Themes Of MaruAntwone denies the unfounded accusation and states he got the money raking lawns. Tate demands he give the money to her explaining that â€Å" a dumb nigguh like you wouldn’t know what to do with it. †Antwone is also sexually abused by Nadine Tate multiple times. He can only turn to his best friend Jesse to help him. The psychological effects demonstrate themselves as Antwone gets older by his inability to develop relationships with women (most particularly Cheryl). The abusive background leads to the rage Antwone feels as an adult who considers that the world conspires against him and that nothing good ever happens to him.Race The subject of race comes up multiple times in the film. The first is at the beginning of the film when Antwone feels a white sailor is mocking him for the way his face looks when he shaves. Another time is when Mrs. Tate points out that Antwone’s foster brother Keith is superior to him due to having a wh ite man for a father and being lighter-skinned. The lesson stays with Antwone to the point that he tells Davenport the order of adoption begins with light-skinned girls, then light-skinned boys, then dark-skinned girls, and dark-skinned boys being left for last.While Antwone waits in social services to obtain information about his parents, he notices advertisements for adoption. The viewer is then shown various posters of children who want to be adopted absent any dark-skinned boys. Antwone even calls a fellow sailor â€Å"an Uncle Tom† for his fraternizing with both white and black people despite the fact Antwone has white friends of his own. Psychiatry At the beginning of the film, Antwone and his fellow sailors mock psychiatry and call the psych house â€Å"the nut house. Antwone feels the profession is a foolish one and spends most of the first sessions refusing to acknowledge a problem and refusing to talk to Davenport. Eventually he relents and realizes the sessions ar e good for him. Antwone soon develops a dependence on the sessions and refuses to stop them because he believes Davenport is abandoning him just like everyone else had. Antwone also discusses his therapy sessions with Cheryl and understands if she wants to end their relationship because he’s â€Å"a nut. † Cheryl tells Antwone that her father (a Vietnam veteran) had also taken psychiatry and she felt there was nothing wrong with it.Healing The theme of healing is prevalent throughout the movie. Antwone feels enormous rage at being abandoned and feels that he is unwanted. He takes out this rage upon his fellow sailors in the Navy and is afraid to develop relationships (most notably with Cheryl). Davenport comments that Antwone is headed for a discharge, but Antwone seems largely indifferent. But through the guidance of Davenport, Antwone is able to open up and destroy the vicious cycle of self-destruction that he has fallen into.Antwone develops a bond of friendship wit h Davenport and a romantic relationship with Cheryl. At first, Antwone seems largely unconcerned with finding his family but eventually recognizes he needs to for closure to move on with his life. Finding his family brings the healing Antwone had sought and echoes his dream of sitting at a feast surrounded by loving family members (echoing the first scene of the film) with the little boy (referring to the poem â€Å"Who Will Cry For The Little Boy? â€Å") inside able to finally lay to rest.

Clinical Decision Support System ( Cdss ) - 1863 Words

ABSTRACT Clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a technology application that assists clinicians at the point of care to make clinical decisions for patients with specific conditions. The healthcare is implementing many electronic tools that are aimed at improving health and health care delivery. It is designed to make clinical decisions about patient care. Today technology plays an important role in patient care. It involves a patient, a clinician and computer but most of the work is done by computer. CDS helps the clinician to make decisions. While interacting with the patient the clinician can focus more on entering information on hearing to the patient and considering the information said by the patient. Implementing CDS can effect clinician-patient communication. CDS can help clinician by providing clinical guidelines, reminders, of recommended care, prescribing and diagnostic support. In practice this software can lead to confusion and lack of communication. This technology helps with continuity of care. The aim was to compare the design and implementation of CDSS to compare diagnostic accuracy before and after its implementation in patient care. INTRODUCTION: Clinical decision support is a combination of person-specific information and knowledge that is provided to the staff, patients, and clinicians which helps to enhance health care and health. In early 1960s efforts began in health care to automate its aspects but the use of computers and informationShow MoreRelatedClinical Decision Support Systems ( Cdss )880 Words   |  4 PagesClinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) can be described as information systems to improve the decision making ability of people interacting with it(Nià ¨s et al., 2010). Hospitals with integrated Health Information Systems (HIS) are encouraged to utilize CDSS(Jonathan Teich, Saldana, Levick, 2012). Multiple fragments such as Electronic Health Record(EHR), laboratory information system, Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE), radiology information system and pharmacy information system combineRead MoreClinical Decision Support Systems ( Cdss )1985 Words   |  8 PagesClinical Decision Support System s (CDSS) can be described as information systems to improve the decision making ability of people interacting with it (Nià ¨s, Colombet et al. 2010). Hospitals with integrated Health Information Systems (HIS) are encouraged to utilize CDSS (Jonathan Teich 2012). Multiple fragments such as Electronic Health Record (EHR), laboratory information system, Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE), radiology information system and pharmacy information system combine togetherRead MoreClinical Decision Support System ( Cdss ) Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesBackground Information Clinical decision support system (CDSS) is gaining increased recognition in healthcare organizations. 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ButRead MoreClinical Decision Support Systems ( Cdss )910 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen a growing interest in the application of clinical decision-support systems (CDSS) in the prevention and control of ischemic heart disease (IHD); this is due to an increasing recognition that stronger CDSS are crucial to achieve a high quality care with attendance lower morbidity and mortality.1 CDSS is defined as â€Å"computer-based information systems designed to assist health care providers in implementing clinical guidelines at the point of care. CDSS use patient data to provide tailored patientRead MoreEvaluation of Clinical Decision Support System for Heart Failure1215 Words   |  5 PagesColvin-Adams, 2014). In HF the heart lacks the ability to push oxygenated blood throughout the cardiovascular system. This disorder prevents vital organs from getting the oxygen needed in ord er to perform their duties as well. 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These tools include computerized alerts and reminders to care providers and patients; clinical guidelines; condition-specific order sets; focusedRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health784 Words   |  4 PagesList at least five of the ways you see physicians employing meaningful use in their practices The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act is part of the American Reinvestment Recovery Act (ARRA) signed into law by President Obama on February 17, 2009. The HITECT Act introduced the concept of ‘meaningful use’ which incentivized the adoption of electronic health records (EHR) for the overall improvement of healthcare. This act authorized payments to qualifiedRead MoreFramework For Clinical Decision Support Systems With Considering The Distributed Electronic Health Records And Centralized Knowledge Engines2088 Words   |  9 Pagestual Framework for clinical Decision Support Systems with Considering the Distributed Electronic Health Records and Centralized Knowledge Engines Hassan Ghaedi1,*, Hassan SHakeri2, Elham Gholami3, Alireza Chamkoori4 1,4Department Of computer, Khormuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khormuj, Iran *Hassan.ghaedi@yahoo.com chamkoori_alireza@yahoo.co.uk 3Department Of computer, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran Gholami.elh@gmail.com 2Department Of computer, Mashhad Branch, Islamic